What do you do when you are faced with a Bible difficulty—something that seems like a discrepancy? Do you ignore it or wrestle with it?
The Patriarchs and God’s Name: A Problem
Have you noticed the problem in Exodus 6:3? God says to Moses, “I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, as God Almighty, but by my name the LORD I did not make myself known to them” (ESV). Although that statement appears to be unproblematic by itself, when we compare it with the narrative in Genesis, we seem to have a problem.
In Genesis, God did say to Abraham, “I am the LORD who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess” (Gen. 15:7). And if that weren’t enough, God said, “I am the LORD, the God of Abraham your father and the God of Isaac” (Gen. 28:13). Not only do we have two clear instances which seem to contradict God’s statement in Exodus 6:3, but God’s name, the LORD, is used throughout Genesis.
Reconciling God’s Hidden Name with God’s Revealed Name
So what can God’s statement mean in Exodus 6:3? We cannot deny that God declared himself to be the LORD or Yahweh to Abraham and Jacob. And we cannot deny that Exodus 6:3 seems to say that the patriarchs didn’t know God’s name, the LORD.
But here’s why we shouldn’t rush to the conclusion of error. First, the name the LORD appears throughout the Genesis narrative. Second, the author of Exodus (traditionally Moses) appears to have known the Genesis narrative because Exodus makes recurring connections with the book of Genesis. Third, according to tradition, Moses was the author of both Genesis and Exodus.
Perhaps the best solution is to focus on the phrase “make myself known to them.” While the name Yahweh was used in prayer as early as Gen. 4:26, the meaning of that name was not adequately grasped until God rescued his people from slavery. The exodus gave new meaning to the personal name of God: Yahweh is Israel’s covenant-keeping and redeeming God. God had not made himself known as Yahweh in that way to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
[This is a complicated problem. For much more detail read the footnotes for Exodus 6:3 in the NET Bible.]
After graduating from Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, I served as a high school Bible teacher in Asia. I enjoy traveling, writing, and playing the drums. My latest book focuses on Paul’s work as a tentmaker and what it means for today.
The tetragram YwHw or yahwe /yahua/jehovah was originally found over 7000 times in the bible, but the farisees claimed gods name was too holy to pronounce so they replaced it with lord or god. If you want to have god as your friend , wouldn’t you want to adress him by his name?
[edit, fixed word order]
Another option is to read it as a rhetorical question. Hebrew doesn’t contain punctuation, so this could be just as fair of a translation. “I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, as God Almighty, and by my name YHWH did I not make myself known to them?”
This makes it a focus on what He did in the past, rather than on what He did not do, which also makes more sense contextually as He is talking about Who He is.